原标题：Reddit使用者问咱的最棒的难题 | 盖茨笔记

　　来自：比尔盖茨

　　Yesterday I did my 10th Ask Me Anything on Reddit. I love doing AMAs because the Reddit crowd as a whole is well-informed, Redditors don’t pull any punches, and good questions usually get voted up toward the top. This year I spent an hour taking questions about pandemic prevention, climate change, farmland, my cell phone, and much more. I wish I’d had time to answer even more.

　　昨日（文章发表于5月21日），咱在Reddit上达成了第10次“问咱全部事”（AMA）在线问答。咱很喜爱AMA运动，由于Reddit的使用者团体常识广博，难题犀利，况且没有问题难题平常会被置顶。本年，咱花了一种小时回答了对于大盛行病预防、气候浮动、农田、咱的电话等难题。咱本期望有时间反复答更多的难题。

　　Here’s a transcript of my favorite questions and my answers:

　　之下摘录了少许咱最喜爱的难题以及咱的回答：

　　·    ·    ·

　　Redditor’s question: In the Netflix documentary series, one thing that was quite remarkable to me was how you and your team were able to design a nuclear reactor that produces uses already nuclear waste as a fuel. However this design was never implemented due to political reasons. My question is: Given that this technology has the potential to be the most-effective green energy source and have a key role in reversing climate change, what’s the current status on the project? Is it a likely possibility that this nuclear reactor will be built in the upcoming years? If so, do you plan on building in China or would you consider building such a project on US soil? Thanks.

　　Reddit使用者的难题：在网飞（Netflix）的系列记录片中，有一幕让咱感官深切，那便是你和你的团队如何应用已发生的核废料作为能源，设置出一种核反映堆。可是源于少许政治原因，这一设置从未付诸实行。咱的难题是：基于这项技艺有潜力成为最有用的绿色燃料，并在扭转气候浮动方面发挥要害效用，该名目日前处于何种状况？这种核反映堆能否有可能在未来几年内建成？假如是这样，你们筹算在华夏建设，仍是考量在美国原土实行这一名目？谢谢。

　　My answer: We are still working on this. At first the project was a US-China joint venture but the US cancelled that. So now we are building the demo reactor in Wyoming where a coal plant is closing. It is very promising in terms of the cost and safety advances. If things go well a lot of these reactors will help solve climate change. Eventually we want reactors globally but the first ones will be in the US even though competing with natural gas electricity is hard here.

　　咱的回答：咱们仍在接着推行这一名目。当初，该名目是美中合资的，但美国方面撤消了这种名目。因而此刻，咱们正好怀俄明州一种正好关闭的煤厂建设示范反映堆。就本钱和平安性取得的进展而言，该反映堆前景光明。假如进展顺利，众多反映堆一同发挥效用将有助于解决气候浮动难题。终归，咱们期望将反映堆推广至全世界，但第一批反映堆将在美国建设，虽然在这边会面对与天然气发电的剧烈竞争。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Do you have a medical degree? Then why are you getting involved in medicine? Why should your medical opinion matter?

　　你有医学学位吗？你为何要涉足医学难题？为何你的医学看法很要紧？

　　The Foundation has a lot of Medical experts. It takes a huge range of skills to do things like Malaria eradication or Covid vaccines and therapeutics. I listen to the experts on specific medical advice. The system to prevent pandemics will require a lot more than just doctors so I wrote a book to start the discussion of what it should look like.

　　盖茨基金会有好多医学行家。诸如根除疟疾或研发新冠疫苗和治疗方法等此类事业须要各个范畴的大批不业余技巧。咱听取行家们的详细医疗提议。一种大盛行病预防体制须要的不仅单是医生，因而，咱写了一本书来发起讨论，探讨这种体制应当是甚么样子。

　　·    ·    ·

　　How do you see climate change happening in next 10-20 years? And how are we doing as a civilization to counter that? What's our biggest challenge?

　　你如何看待未来10-20年内的气候浮动？咱们的文明该如何应对气候浮动？咱们面对的第一大挑战是甚么？

　　The key is to be able to make things like electricity, steel, cement and meat without any emissions but at a cost equal or lower than today's cost. My efforts at Breakthrough Energy is to fund the innovators and help them scale up. I am optimistic because the progress on innovation in the last 3 years with the companies that have been funded is going very well.

　　要害在于，咱们能够以与此刻相同或更低的本钱生产出电力、钢铁、水泥和肉类等产物，同一时间确保不发生全部碳释放。咱在“突破燃料”所做的事业便是资助创新者，并帮助它们扩大范围。咱很乐天，由于在往日三年里，得到资助的企业在创新方面的进展十分顺利。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Why did you pressure vaccine researchers not to open source the MRNA covid vaccines as was originally planned? Dont you think that wider access to this information would have increased access to vaccines at a critical time?

　　你为何向疫苗探讨人士施压，不让它们按原计划公布MRNA新冠疫苗的消息？你莫非不以为在这样的要害时候，更广大地获取这点消息会增添疫苗的可及性吗？

　　Our Foundation is funding the low cost vaccine manufacturers to do mRNA vaccines. They used other platforms for pandemic vaccines but in the future we will make sure they can do mRNA as well. We are funding mRNA to be used for HIV and Malaria. All the steps to get Covid vaccines out were done by the su毫米er of 2020 and it lead to huge scaling up to put us in the oversupply situation we are in today. With the right technologies we can do it a lot faster and more equitably in the future.

　　咱们基金会正好资助低本钱疫苗厂家制造mRNA疫苗。从前，它们运用其它平台制造新冠疫苗，但在未来，咱们将保证它们也能制造mRNA疫苗。咱们正好资助mRNA技艺用于治疗艾滋病和疟疾。全部新冠疫苗的研发环节皆是在2020年秋天此前达成的，这促使了疫苗的大范围制造，使咱们现在处于疫苗过剩、供过于求的局势。有了正确的技艺，咱们就能在未来更快、更公平地研发疫苗。

　　·    ·    ·

　　How did you manage with stress during all of your class-action lawsuits of the 1990s and 2000s?

　　在20世纪90年代和21世纪初的一系列集体诉讼事故中，你是如何应对负担的？

　　Although those lawsuits were tough I have been super lucky in my life and I had a good team of people working with me to help get them settled and move ahead.

　　尽管那一些诉讼很艰难，但咱在生活中超等幸运，咱具有一种很没有问题团队与咱一同事业，帮助咱解决难题，接着向前。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Bill, thank you for taking the time. Big fan of both your work at Microsoft, Bill and Melinda Gates foundation and Berkshire Hathaway. I want to ask you about how most philanthropists think about RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF CHARITY. Most (billionaire) people doesn't seem to put much effort on it and just pick whatever subject they're most interested. As far as I understand, you option for epidemiology and sanitation was a diligent choice, because you think that money and a drive for business gives the most bang for the buck (some newspapers cover your fierce negotiation position to get us the vaccines, something that you are good at and I am thankful for). My question is. Do you think that most philanthropists are as diligent on their philanthropy as they were when they made their wealth? What are good themes where a drive for business can help the most?

　　比尔，感谢你抽出时间回答难题。咱很欣赏你在微软、比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会以及伯克希尔·哈撒韦企业所作的事业。咱想请问，许多数慈善家如何看待慈善工作的投资回报率？许多数（亿万富翁）仿佛并未在这上面消费太多精力，不过抉择了它们最感兴趣的范畴。据咱所知，你对盛行病学和卫生的资助是一种高投入的抉择，由于你以为金钱和商业投入会带来最物超所值的结果（少许报纸和媒体报导了你为给咱们争取疫苗而采用的剧烈的谈判立场，这是你所擅长的，咱对此显示感谢）。咱的难题是：你以为许多数慈善家在慈善工作上能否仍像它们缔造财富时那样投入？哪些专题商业能源可行提供第一大的助力？

　　I was stunned when I found out that a life could be saved for under $1000. This came when I read about what kids die of including the 1993 World Development report. So our Foundation (supported by Warren Buffett's incredible generosity) prioritized this. The success of our work in Global Health is well beyond what I would have expected. I do work with other philanthropists a lot including through the Giving Pledge where they can learn and be encouraged to be bold.

　　当咱发觉，付出不到1000美元就能挽救一种人的寿命时，咱深受震撼。这是咱从包括1993年全球进行汇报等资料中读到孩童死亡的原因时理解到的。因而，咱们的基金会（得到了沃伦·巴菲特极大的慷慨扶持）将这一丝作为了领先考量事项。咱们在全世界健康范畴事业的成功远远高于了咱的预期。咱的确经常与其它慈善家合作，包括经过“捐赠誓言”的运动。这一捐赠承诺组织帮助大家理解并勉励它们大胆捐赠财富。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Mr. Gates, What are your thoughts on indoor farming?

　　盖茨男士，你如何看待室内农业？

　　For some high value crops it can work. For the cereal crops like wheat, rice and maize it is unlikely to ever be economic. We can improve seeds for all crops a lot to increase productivity - this is a key investment to help reduce the problems caused by climate change.

　　关于少许高价格的作物，室内农业是可以的。关于小麦、水稻和玉米等谷类作物来讲，这类做法不够经济实惠。咱们可行对全部作物的种子发展大幅优化，以提升产量——这是一项要害的投资，有助于降低气候浮动激发的难题。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Can you a still jump over a chair from a standing start?

　　你还能从站立姿势起跳，跳过座椅吗？

　　A smaller chair than I could do at age 30... Pretty small now. I try to stay fit playing a lot of tennis.

　　比较咱30岁时能跳过的座椅，咱此刻能跳过的座椅要小一丝...小得多。咱此刻靠常打网球来努力维持身材。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Took 4 doses of vaccine, 5G reception still bad. Any tips?You need 5th one, with 4 you'll only get LTE at most

　　咱接种了4剂疫苗，但5G接收信号依然不好。有甚么提议吗？

　　你须要接种第5剂疫苗，只接种4剂你最多只能运用4G网（LTE）。

　　I must be wearing the wrong kind of tin foil hat because it doesn't work for me.

　　咱必定是戴错了锡箔帽，由于它对咱不起效用。

　　（译者注：锡箔帽（tin foil hat）是一个用铝箔纸制作的帽子，佩戴这类帽子的大家信任这能够帮助它们免受脑控、电磁场、读心术和精神操控的作用。科学界信任这是患有被害妄想等精神疾病和遭到伪科学的误导。这种词多用作指代阴谋论者。）

　　·    ·    ·

　　Hello Mr. Gates, huge fan of your work. What advice would you give young people who want to make a positive impact on this world? Greetings from Honduras.

　　你好，盖茨男士，咱是你的忠实fans。你会给那一些想要对这种全球发生踊跃作用的年青人甚么提议？来源洪都拉斯的问候。

　　The ideal thing is to read a lot and hopefully find a skill you enjoy that can have impact. For some that means being great at science or engineering. For some it means being a great co毫米unicator or politician. For some it means being a nurse or a doctor. The opportunity to learn is better today than ever before.

　　理想的做法是大批阅读，期望能够寻到一个你喜爱、且能发生作用的技巧。对少许人来讲，这意指着在科学或工程范畴有所擅长。对有些人来讲，这意指着成为一位善于沟通的人或伟大的政治家。对有些人来讲，这意指着成为一名护士或医生。此刻，学习的机会比过去全部时刻都要更多更好。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What is the future of nuclear power?

　　核能的前景如何？

　　There is nuclear fission. If it can solve the cost, safety and waste concerns it can make a massive contribution to solving climate change. I am biased because I have been investing over a billion in this starting over a decade ago. Also promising is nuclear fusion. It is less clear if we will succeed but it has less safety and waste issues if it works. So I am hopeful nuclear will improve and be a huge help for climate.

　　此刻已有核裂变技艺。假如能解决其本钱、平安和废料难题，该技艺可行为解决气候浮动做出庞大奉献。咱之是以偏爱它，是由于十年来，咱曾经为这投资了超越10亿美元。核聚变也很有前景。日前还太不明白咱们能否会成功，但假如能够成功，核平安性和废料难题就会更少。因而，咱对核能技艺的进步充满期望，并信任核能能够对气候浮动起到庞大的帮助。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What's the one thing you've bought that's brought you the most joy?

　　你买过的哪一样东西给你带来了第一大的快乐？

　　If we do succeed in polio eradication that will be super joyful. It has taken a lot of patience and great strategy to get close to success. The thing that has succeeded the best so far is funding vaccines for poor countries through GAVI. I do like burgers, nice tennis racquets and all the great streaming services but nothing too unique.

　　假如咱们真的能够成功根除脊髓灰质炎，那将使咱极端开心。挨近实现该指标须要大批的耐心和伟大的策略。到日前为止，最成功的事宜便是经过全世界疫苗免疫联盟（GAVI）为贫困国度提供疫苗资助。咱切实喜爱汉堡、漂亮的网球拍和全部超棒的流媒体效劳，但无哪一种称得上最爱。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Your top 5 books of all time?

　　看过的全部书中，你最喜爱哪5本？

　　Two of Smil's latest Grand Transitions and How the World Really Works are great. Pinker has a lot of great books including The Better Angels of our Nature. I am just finishing the Coddling of the American Mind which was good. Ezra Klein's book on Polarization is good. Of course fiction books are more fun like Heart or A Gentleman in Moscow or All the Light you cannot see...

　　斯米尔的两本全新著作《大转变：现代全球是如何造成的》和《全球是如何真实运作的》（中文名暂译）都很棒。平克有好多好书，包括《咱们本性中更没有问题天使：为何暴力曾经衰落》。咱刚刚读完《娇惯的心灵：“钢铁是怎样无炼成的》，这本书很可以。埃兹拉·克莱因的《咱们为何会两极分化》一书还不错。自然，小说类书籍更有趣，例如《心》或《莫斯科绅士》或《全部咱们见不见的光》...

　　·    ·    ·

　　How are you guys preventing further strain mutations and vaccine adaptability of viruses for the "no more pandemics" goal?

　　为实现“没再有大盛行病”的指标，你们如何阻止病毒的进一步变异以及解决疫苗适应性难题？

　　We can make vaccines that have 3 additional things: broad coverage, long duration and infection blocking. These need to be R&D priorities to prevent pandemics but they will also be super helpful for all sorts of diseases.

　　咱们可行生产出示有三种格外特性的疫苗：掩盖范畴广、庇护时间长和有用阻断感染。这点须要成为预防大盛行病的研发要点，但同一时间他们对预防各式疾病也会十分有帮助。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Why is the COVID-19 model behaving very differently in America as compared to other countries? With state-of-the-art vaccines and close to 70% of people fully vaccinated, the cases are always rising after dipping for a few days. Looking at the statistics of the number of people catching COVID and the number of people dying due to it, seemed like this was to end by January / February. The model is quite weird.

　　为何美国的新冠模子与其它国度差别相当大？美国家所有着最领先进步的疫苗和挨近70%的疫苗十足接种率，感染病例却总是在几天的短暂下调后回暖。从感染新冠和因其死亡的人口统算来看，仿佛大盛行应在1月或者2月就会完毕。这一模子差不多奇怪。

　　The new variants come along and evade i毫米unity from vaccination and infection. Also i毫米unity wanes fairly quickly in the elderly. When the cases are high people do change their behavior and when they are low they go back to normal behavior. So you get huge ups and downs in the case rate driven by seasons, variants and people's behavior. Fortunately Omicron is less fatal than previous variants.

　　新的病毒变种显露，同一时间产生免疫逃逸（译者注：指大家失去疫苗接种和感染后得到的免疫力）。另外，老年人的免疫力下调得差不多快。当感染病例较多时，大家切实改变了它们的举止，而当病例数不多时，它们又回归常态。因而，受季节、病毒变种和大家举止的作用，感染率会有庞大的起伏。幸运的是，奥密克戎与之前的变种比较无那末致命。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Which developing countries are you most optimistic about?

　　你最为看好哪些进行华夏家？

　　Some of the so called LMIC (Low Middle Income) countries have huge promise - Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Indonesia. In Africa it is important for Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria and Ethiopia to succeed. Ethiopia was doing well until the civil unrest so hopefully they can get past that. Some of the smaller countries are doing well but we need the big ones to also do well.

　　少许所谓的中低收入国度有着光明的前景——例如越南、印度、巴基斯和印度尼西亚。在非洲，肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、尼日利亚和埃塞俄比亚的成功也至关要紧。埃塞俄比亚在产生内乱此前一直做得很好，咱期望它们能够渡过难关。少许小国做得很好，但咱们须要那一些大国也体现良好。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What happened with the Oxford vaccine? Why wasn't it open source so that all countries could make it? I am so sad over how slow the vaccination in third world countries has been.

　　牛津/阿斯利康新冠疫苗产生了甚么难题？为何不公布疫苗的消息，让全部国度全能制造？咱对第三全球国度疫苗接种事业进展缓慢感觉十分难过。

　　The world did not get the vaccines out in an equitable way. Places like India did well because the Gates Foundation, Serum and the Government of India worked together to make 1.4B doses of the Astra Zeneca vaccines. It was a tragedy that old people in countries like South Africa got vaccines after young people in other countries. My book talks about how we can do better next time. Today there is plenty of vaccine but still the distribution and demand is holding back coverage.

　　全球并未以一个公平的形式得到疫苗。像印度这样的国度做得很好，由于有盖茨基金会、印度血清探讨所和印度政府的一同努力，制造了14亿剂阿斯利康疫苗。而南非等国的老人在其它国度的年青人接种以后才得到疫苗，这是一场悲剧。咱的书中谈到了下次咱们如何能做得更好。此刻已有大批的疫苗，但其分发和要求难题仍在障碍着疫苗的普遍。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What are the biggest innovations in global and public health you expect to see in the next 5-10 years?

　　未来的5-10年里，在全世界健康和公共卫生范畴，你希望见到的第一大创新是甚么?

　　We are gaining understanding of malnutrition. Solving this would be huge for the 40% of kids in Africa who never fully develop their brains or bodies. We still need to prevent and cure HIV. We need to eradicate Malaria (which will take decades). We are close to eradicating polio. Other areas like better contraception or understanding and preventing pre-term birth and still births show promise.

　　咱们正好渐渐理解营养不良的难题。解决这种难题关于非洲40%的孩童来讲意义重要，由于它们的大脑和身体从未发育十足。咱们依然须要预防和治愈艾滋病。咱们须要根除疟疾（这将须要几十年时间）。咱们曾经挨近于根除脊髓灰质炎。其它范畴，如更没有问题避孕举措或探讨和预防早产和死产，也出现出光明前景。。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Why do you think the world was utterly unprepared for Covid?

　　为何你以为全球对新冠大盛行十足无准备？

　　Infectious disease in rich countries isn't the big problem it used to be. For things like fire and earthquakes we have small ones to remind us of the problem. A pandemic that gets into Europe or the US only comes along rarely so it is easy to not practice and not have dedicated resources. A few countries like Australia did a better job and have 10% of the deaths of most rich countries.

　　传染性疾病在富裕国度曾经不像往日那样是个大难题了。而像火灾和地震这样的事宜，也时常有小范围的爆发来提示咱们注意。欧洲或美国经验的大盛行病很少，是以他们很简单缺乏实践，也无专门的应对资源。少数国度如澳大利亚做得相比好，该国的新冠死亡人口仅占最富裕国度死亡人口的10%。

　　·    ·    ·

　　I was in the 2nd cohort for the Gates Millennium scholarship. ?? Just wanted to personally thank you for helping me be the 1st in my family to attend college. Do you still have any involvement with the scholar program?

　　咱是盖茨千年奖学金的第二批获奖弟子。??不过想亲自感谢您的帮助，让咱成为家中第一种上大学的人。您此刻还参加这种奖学金名目吗？

　　Yes. The Foundation did 20,000 scholarships under the original program. We have an ongoing program that is not quite as big but still is attracting great students. I am always inspired when I meet the students who received the scholarship and are helping other kids.

　　是的。咱们基金会在原名目中提供了20,000个奖学金名额。咱们另有一种正好发展的名目，尽管范围适中，但仍在迷惑着优秀弟子。每一次与那一些得到奖学金并正着力于帮助其它儿童的弟子见面时，咱总是深受鼓舞。

　　·    ·    ·

　　How short are you on GME?

　　你卖出了多少游戏驿站（GME）的股票？

　　I have never been long or short gamestop.

　　咱从来无做多或做空过游戏驿站的股票。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What do you think the long-term impact of covid will be on society? I'm out in NYC and we are at a point where 1 in 5 people are catching covid and no one seems to be receptive of preventing the spread anymore. I ended up getting it last week despite being vaccinated and the symptoms were awful. Do you think there will be long-term ramifications of everyone going through covid in the next few months because people are unwilling to prevent the spread anymore?

　　你以为新冠疫情对社会的长久作用会是甚么？咱此刻客居纽约，，咱们这边每五私人中就有个感染了新冠，况且仿佛也无人乐意阻止疫情流传。虽然曾经接种了疫苗，上周咱仍是感染了新冠，况且症状很惨重。因大家没再乐意做些甚么来阻止疫情流传，你以为在然后的几个月里，每私人都会经验新冠的长久作用吗？

　　Neither vaccination or infection prevents you from getting infected again but the disease will be milder and you will spread it less. Scientists funded by the Foundation are working on vaccines that prevent you from getting infected but those are 3-4 years away in the best case. So until then we will have to keep getting boosted (especially people who are older or who have co-morbidities).

　　疫苗或感染都不行防止你再一次被感染，但疾病的症状会更温和，你流传病毒的几率也会更小。由盖茨基金会资助的科学家们正好探讨防止你（再一次）被感染的疫苗，但这点疫苗在最佳的概况下也须要3至4年才能研发出去。是以在那此前，咱们将不得不接着接种增强针（尤其是那一些年龄较大或有合并症的人群）。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What kind of phone do you have?

　　你在用甚么电话?

　　I have an Android Galaxy ZFold3. I try different ones. With this screen I can get by with a great portable PC and the phone and nothing else.

　　咱有一部三星Galaxy系列的折叠屏智能电话Galaxy ZFold3。咱会尝试不同的机型。有了这部电话的屏幕，咱差不多于同一时间具有了一辆很棒的便携式电脑和一部电话，不要其它设施了。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What's something I can do now to help with climate change?

　　咱此刻能够做些甚么来帮助应对气候浮动？

　　As green products come out like electric cars or synthetic meat or heat pumps for home heating/cooling they will cost a bit extra. By buying these products you drive scaling up which will lead to lower prices so "green premiums" are reduced. Other than your political voice or influencing the company you work at this is probably the biggest thing you can do.

　　绿色产物，如电动车子、合成肉或用于家族供暖/制冷的热泵纷纷涌现，他们将须要少许格外的本钱。经过购置这点产物，你会推进其扩大制造范围从而下降价值因而“绿色溢价”会降低。除了你的政治声响或对你事业的企业发生作用之外，这可能是你为抗击气候浮动所能做的第一大奉献。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Hey Bill, what do you think about Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies?

　　嘿，比尔，你如何看待比特币和加密货币？

　　I don't own any. I like investing in things that have valuable output. The value of companies is based on how they make great products. The value of crypto is just what some other person decides someone else will pay for it so not adding to society like other investments.

　　这两者咱全没有买过。咱喜爱投资有价格产出的东西。企业的价格在于它们如何生产出伟大的产物。加密货币的价格不过一部分人能够打算另一部分人为其支付的费率，是以不像其它投资那样对社会有所奉献。

　　·    ·    ·

　　Quite a big chunk of the population of my country (for some reason) believes that you're the one responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and that you're trying to take control of the human population by injecting chips in them through vaccines. What would you say to these people?

　　咱所在的国度差不多大的一部分人（出于某种原因）以为，你是形成新冠大盛行的罪魁祸首，你试图经过疫苗向人类注入芯片来操控它们。你会对这点人说些甚么？

　　In 2015 I spoke out about my fears a pandemic would come up and cause tens of millions of deaths. My foundation funds vaccine research to save lives. I spend billions on vaccines and I am proud they have helped cut under 5 deaths in half over the last 20 years (from 10% to 5%). The idea of chips in the vaccines doesn't make sense. Why would I want to know where people are? What would I do with the information?

　　2015年，咱曾公布显示咱担忧一场忽然显露的大盛行病将导致数千万人死亡。盖茨基金会资助疫苗探讨以拯救寿命，咱在疫苗上投入了数十亿美元。在往日20年间，疫苗让得5岁之下孩童的死亡率降低了一半（从10%降至5%），咱为这感觉自豪。在疫苗中植入芯片的想法是全无根据的。咱为何要晓得大家在哪里？咱要这点消息做甚么？

　　·    ·    ·

　　What do you think is the best way to combat misinformation / politicization of public health concerns by politicians or bad news outlets?

　　你以为打击政客或不良新闻媒体散布对于公共卫生难题的错误消息或将其政治化的最好形式是甚么？

　　I keep looking for good idea of how to stop the bad information. Some stuff is obviously wrong and right now even that doesn't get stopped. The interest level in the crazy explanations make that spread really fast and the truth doesn't spread because it is boring. I feel bad if these rumors prevent people from getting vaccinated and boosted since that has saved millions of lives.

　　咱一直在想法子阻止这点不良消息。有些内容很赫然是错误的，而此刻即便他们错得如许离谱也无获得阻止。大家关于流言蜚语的狂热兴趣使谣言流传得十分快，而真相却无获得流传，由于真相常常很没有聊。假如这点谣言阻止了大家接种疫苗和增强针，咱会感觉不容易过，由于疫苗曾经拯救了数百万人的寿命。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What do you plan to do with all the farmland you have purchased?

　　你筹算如何运用所购置的农田？

　　My investment team bought the farmland. It is less than .1% of all US farmland because the ownership is so diverse. We invest in the farms to raise productivity. Some are near cities and might end up having other uses.

　　咱的投资团队买下了这点农田。农田全部权是多样化的，而咱们所购置的，总面积也不到美国全部农田的0.1%。咱们投资农田是为了提升产量。有些靠近都市的农田终归可能有其它用途。

　　·    ·    ·

　　What is an appropriate level of taxation for the rich?

　　对富人来讲，适当的征税水准是多少？

　　A tax system needs to be progressive. Getting marginal rates above 60% often leads to a lot of complex avoidance if your system allows for that. It is strange to have the capital gain rate below the ordinary income rate. An estate tax could go somewhat above 60% - it is amazing how few countries have those.

　　税收制度必需是累进的。假如制度应允，边际税费超越60%常常会导致好多繁杂的避税举止。让资本利得税费低于平凡收入所得税费是很奇怪的。遗产税可能会超越60%——令人惊讶的是，唯有很少一部分国度有这类税费。